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secondary part

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1 secondary part
1. вторичная система электростанции (подстанции)
вторичная система электростанции (подстанции)
Совокупность устройств управления, сигнализации, автоматики, защиты и измерений электростанции (подстанции), связанных между собой вторичными цепями.
[ ГОСТ 24291-90]

Тематики
- электроснабжение в целом
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > secondary part
2 secondary part

Зубная имплантология: вторичная часть, головка имплантата, головка опорная

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > secondary part
3 secondary part

mionpháirt

English-Irish dictionary > secondary part
4 secondary part of a substation
1. вторичная система электростанции (подстанции)
вторичная система электростанции (подстанции)
Совокупность устройств управления, сигнализации, автоматики, защиты и измерений электростанции (подстанции), связанных между собой вторичными цепями.
[ ГОСТ 24291-90]

Тематики
- электроснабжение в целом
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > secondary part of a substation
5 secondary\ part\ of\ sentence

lause kõrvalliige

English-Estonian dictionary > secondary\ part\ of\ sentence
6 secondary system
вторичная система электростанции (подстанции)
Совокупность устройств управления, сигнализации, автоматики, защиты и измерений электростанции (подстанции), связанных между собой вторичными цепями.
[ ГОСТ 24291-90]

Тематики
- электроснабжение в целом
EN
второй контур АЭС
От корпуса одного или нескольких парогенераторов, в которых при контакте с U-образными трубками с высокотемпературным теплоносителем кипит поступающая питательная вода; парогенераторы создают барьер между первым и вторым контурами
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

Тематики
- энергетика в целом
EN
- nuclear plant secondary system
- secondary system
второй контур ядерного реактора
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

Тематики
- энергетика в целом
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > secondary system
7 secondary equipment
1. оборудование вторичной коммутации
2. вторичная система электростанции (подстанции)
вторичная система электростанции (подстанции)
Совокупность устройств управления, сигнализации, автоматики, защиты и измерений электростанции (подстанции), связанных между собой вторичными цепями.
[ ГОСТ 24291-90]

Тематики
- электроснабжение в целом
EN
оборудование вторичной коммутации
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999]

Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
- secondary equipment
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > secondary equipment
8 secondary infrastructure
1. вторичная система электростанции (подстанции)
вторичная система электростанции (подстанции)
Совокупность устройств управления, сигнализации, автоматики, защиты и измерений электростанции (подстанции), связанных между собой вторичными цепями.
[ ГОСТ 24291-90]

Тематики
- электроснабжение в целом
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > secondary infrastructure
9 secondary

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] secondary (school)

[English Plural] secondary schools

[Swahili Word] sekondari

[Swahili Plural] sekondari

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10

[English Example] (s)he studies in a secondary school

[Swahili Example] Anasoma shule ya sekondari

------------------------------------------------------------

English-Swahili dictionary > secondary
10 secondary sector
1. производственный сектор
производственный сектор
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

производственный сектор
(в системе национальных счетов) — группа реальных хозяйственных единиц (агентов) с преимущественным выпуском какого-либо одного вида продукции, который и определяет его место в классификации секторов. В объем его продукции, наряду с основной, включается и второстепенная. Иначе говоря, это аналог понятию хозяйственной (статистической) отрасли, которое применяется в системе межотраслевого баланса. С другой стороны, производственный сектор – один из секторов экономики в более широком смысле см. Секторы экономики
[ http://slovar-lopatnikov.ru/]

EN

secondary sector
The part of a country or region's economy that produces commodities without much direct use of natural resources. (Source: ODE)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
- экономика
EN
- industry sector
- secondary sector
DE
- sekundärer Sektor
FR
- secteur secondaire
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > secondary sector
11 secondary storage

< edp> ■ Hilfsspeicherung f ; Sekundärspeicherung f

< edp> (any non-volatile storage device that is not part of the CPU) ■ externer Speicher m ; externer Datenspeicher m ; Peripheriespeicher m ; peripherer Speicher m ; Sekundärspeicher m

English-german technical dictionary > secondary storage
12 secondary winding

1. вторичная обмотка

winding pitch — шаг обмотки

phase winding — обмотка фазы

end winding — концевая обмотка

lap winding — петлевая обмотка

layer winding — обмотка слоями

2. обмотка ротора

part winding — обмотка деталей

rotor winding — обмотка ротора

winding volume — объем обмотки

write winding — обмотка записи

bit winding — разрядная обмотка

English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > secondary winding
13 branch

branch [brɑ:ntʃ]

1 noun

(a) (of tree) branche f;

∎ the branches le branchage, les branches

(b) (secondary part → of road) embranchement m; (→ of river) bras m; (→ of railway) bifurcation f, raccordement m; (→ of pipe) branchement m; (→ of candlestick, artery) branche f

(c) (division → gen) division f, section f; (→ of family) ramification f, branche f; (→ of science) branche f; (→ of police force) antenne f; (→ of government, civil service) service m; Military (→ of armed forces) division f; Linguistics rameau m

(d) Commerce (of company) agence f, succursale f, filiale f; (of shop) succursale f; (of bank) agence f, succursale f;

∎ where's the nearest branch of Kookaï? où se trouve le Kookaï le plus proche?

(e) Computing (of network) branchement m

(f) American Geography (stream) ruisseau m

2 intransitive verb

(a) (tree) se ramifier

(b) (road, river) bifurquer

►► branch banking banque f à réseau;

Railways branch line ligne f secondaire;

branch manager (of bank) directeur(trice) m,f d'agence; (of shop) directeur(trice) m,f de succursale;

branch office (of company) succursale f; Banking (of bank) agence f, succursale f;

familiar branch water eau f plate^□

➲ branch off intransitive verb

(a) (road) bifurquer;

∎ a smaller path branches off to the left un chemin plus petit bifurque vers la gauche

(b) (digress)

∎ I'd like to branch off from my main topic for a moment j'aimerais m'écarter un instant du sujet qui m'occupe

➲ branch out intransitive verb

étendre ses activités;

∎ they're branching out into the restaurant business ils étendent leurs activités à ou se lancent dans la restauration;

∎ I'm going to branch out on my own je vais faire cavalier seul

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > branch
14 second

I 1. ['sekənd] adjective
1) (next after, or following, the first in time, place etc: February is the second month of the year; She finished the race in second place.) anden; anden-

2) (additional or extra: a second house in the country.) ekstra

3) (lesser in importance, quality etc: She's a member of the school's second swimming team.) anden-
2. adverb
(next after the first: He came second in the race.) nummer to
3. noun
1) (a second person, thing etc: You're the second to arrive.) den anden

2) (a person who supports and helps a person who is fighting in a boxing match etc.) sekundant
4. verb
(to agree with (something said by a previous speaker), especially to do so formally: He proposed the motion and I seconded it.) støtte

- secondary
5. noun
(a secondary school.) folkeskolens øverste trin; skole for 12-18-årige

- seconder
- secondly
- secondary colours
- secondary school
- second-best
- second-class
- second-hand
- second lieutenant
- second-rate
- second sight
- second thoughts
- at second hand
- come off second best
- every second week
- month
- second to none II ['sekənd] noun
1) (the sixtieth part of a minute: He ran the race in three minutes and forty-two seconds.) sekund

2) (a short time: I'll be there in a second.) øjeblik

* * *
I 1. ['sekənd] adjective
1) (next after, or following, the first in time, place etc: February is the second month of the year; She finished the race in second place.) anden; anden-

2) (additional or extra: a second house in the country.) ekstra

3) (lesser in importance, quality etc: She's a member of the school's second swimming team.) anden-
2. adverb
(next after the first: He came second in the race.) nummer to
3. noun
1) (a second person, thing etc: You're the second to arrive.) den anden

2) (a person who supports and helps a person who is fighting in a boxing match etc.) sekundant
4. verb
(to agree with (something said by a previous speaker), especially to do so formally: He proposed the motion and I seconded it.) støtte

- secondary
5. noun
(a secondary school.) folkeskolens øverste trin; skole for 12-18-årige

- seconder
- secondly
- secondary colours
- secondary school
- second-best
- second-class
- second-hand
- second lieutenant
- second-rate
- second sight
- second thoughts
- at second hand
- come off second best
- every second week
- month
- second to none II ['sekənd] noun
1) (the sixtieth part of a minute: He ran the race in three minutes and forty-two seconds.) sekund

2) (a short time: I'll be there in a second.) øjeblik

English-Danish dictionary > second
15 Memory

   1) A Unitary Search Process for All the Phenomena of Memory

   To what extent can we lump together what goes on when you try to recall: (1) your name; (2) how you kick a football; and (3) the present location of your car keys? If we use introspective evidence as a guide, the first seems an immediate automatic response. The second may require constructive internal replay prior to our being able to produce a verbal description. The third... quite likely involves complex operational responses under the control of some general strategy system. Is any unitary search process, with a single set of characteristics and inputoutput relations, likely to cover all these cases? (Reitman, 1970, p. 485)

   2) Semantic Memory Is a Mental Thesaurus

   [Semantic memory] Is a mental thesaurus, organized knowledge a person possesses about words and other verbal symbols, their meanings and referents, about relations among them, and about rules, formulas, and algorithms for the manipulation of these symbols, concepts, and relations. Semantic memory does not register perceptible properties of inputs, but rather cognitive referents of input signals. (Tulving, 1972, p. 386)

   3) The Development of Mnemonic Codes

   The mnemonic code, far from being fixed and unchangeable, is structured and restructured along with general development. Such a restructuring of the code takes place in close dependence on the schemes of intelligence. The clearest indication of this is the observation of different types of memory organisation in accordance with the age level of a child so that a longer interval of retention without any new presentation, far from causing a deterioration of memory, may actually improve it. (Piaget & Inhelder, 1973, p. 36)

   4) The Logic of Some Memory Theorization Is of Dubious Worth in the History of Psychology

   If a cue was effective in memory retrieval, then one could infer it was encoded; if a cue was not effective, then it was not encoded. The logic of this theorization is "heads I win, tails you lose" and is of dubious worth in the history of psychology. We might ask how long scientists will puzzle over questions with no answers. (Solso, 1974, p. 28)

   5) The Constituent Elements of Memory Theory

   We have iconic, echoic, active, working, acoustic, articulatory, primary, secondary, episodic, semantic, short-term, intermediate-term, and longterm memories, and these memories contain tags, traces, images, attributes, markers, concepts, cognitive maps, natural-language mediators, kernel sentences, relational rules, nodes, associations, propositions, higher-order memory units, and features. (Eysenck, 1977, p. 4)

   6) The Problem with the Memory Metaphor

   The problem with the memory metaphor is that storage and retrieval of traces only deals [ sic] with old, previously articulated information. Memory traces can perhaps provide a basis for dealing with the "sameness" of the present experience with previous experiences, but the memory metaphor has no mechanisms for dealing with novel information. (Bransford, McCarrell, Franks & Nitsch, 1977, p. 434)

   7) The Results of a Hundred Years of the Psychological Study of Memory Are Somewhat Discouraging

   The results of a hundred years of the psychological study of memory are somewhat discouraging. We have established firm empirical generalisations, but most of them are so obvious that every ten-year-old knows them anyway. We have made discoveries, but they are only marginally about memory; in many cases we don't know what to do with them, and wear them out with endless experimental variations. We have an intellectually impressive group of theories, but history offers little confidence that they will provide any meaningful insight into natural behavior. (Neisser, 1978, pp. 12-13)

   8) The Structure and Function of a Schema in Memory

   A schema, then is a data structure for representing the generic concepts stored in memory. There are schemata representing our knowledge about all concepts; those underlying objects, situations, events, sequences of events, actions and sequences of actions. A schema contains, as part of its specification, the network of interrelations that is believed to normally hold among the constituents of the concept in question. A schema theory embodies a prototype theory of meaning. That is, inasmuch as a schema underlying a concept stored in memory corresponds to the mean ing of that concept, meanings are encoded in terms of the typical or normal situations or events that instantiate that concept. (Rumelhart, 1980, p. 34)

   9) Competence and Performance in Theories of Memory

   Memory appears to be constrained by a structure, a "syntax," perhaps at quite a low level, but it is free to be variable, deviant, even erratic at a higher level....

   Like the information system of language, memory can be explained in part by the abstract rules which underlie it, but only in part. The rules provide a basic competence, but they do not fully determine performance. (Campbell, 1982, pp. 228, 229)

    10) Metaphors of Memory

   When people think about the mind, they often liken it to a physical space, with memories and ideas as objects contained within that space. Thus, we speak of ideas being in the dark corners or dim recesses of our minds, and of holding ideas in mind. Ideas may be in the front or back of our minds, or they may be difficult to grasp. With respect to the processes involved in memory, we talk about storing memories, of searching or looking for lost memories, and sometimes of finding them. An examination of common parlance, therefore, suggests that there is general adherence to what might be called the spatial metaphor. The basic assumptions of this metaphor are that memories are treated as objects stored in specific locations within the mind, and the retrieval process involves a search through the mind in order to find specific memories....

   However, while the spatial metaphor has shown extraordinary longevity, there have been some interesting changes over time in the precise form of analogy used. In particular, technological advances have inﬂuenced theoretical conceptualisations.... The original Greek analogies were based on wax tablets and aviaries; these were superseded by analogies involving switchboards, gramophones, tape recorders, libraries, conveyor belts, and underground maps. Most recently, the workings of human memory have been compared to computer functioning... and it has been suggested that the various memory stores found in computers have their counterparts in the human memory system. (Eysenck, 1984, pp. 79-80)

    11) Comparison of Primary Memory and Secondary Memory

   Primary memory [as proposed by William James] relates to information that remains in consciousness after it has been perceived, and thus forms part of the psychological present, whereas secondary memory contains information about events that have left consciousness, and are therefore part of the psychological past. (Eysenck, 1984, p. 86)

    12) Semantic Memory and Episodic Memory

   Once psychologists began to study long-term memory per se, they realized it may be divided into two main categories.... Semantic memories have to do with our general knowledge about the working of the world. We know what cars do, what stoves do, what the laws of gravity are, and so on. Episodic memories are largely events that took place at a time and place in our personal history. Remembering specific events about our own actions, about our family, and about our individual past falls into this category. With amnesia or in aging, what dims... is our personal episodic memories, save for those that are especially dear or painful to us. Our knowledge of how the world works remains pretty much intact. (Gazzaniga, 1988, p. 42)

    13) The Relation of Memory to Thinking

   The nature of memory... provides a natural starting point for an analysis of thinking. Memory is the repository of many of the beliefs and representations that enter into thinking, and the retrievability of these representations can limit the quality of our thought. (Smith, 1990, p. 1)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Memory
16 second

I 1. adjective
zweit...; zweitwichtigst... [Stadt, Hafen usw.]

second largest/highest — etc. zweitgrößt.../-höchst... usw.

every second week — jede zweite Woche

second to none — unübertroffen
2. noun
1) (unit of time or angle) Sekunde, die

2) (coll.): (moment) Sekunde, die (ugs.)

wait a few seconds — einen Moment warten

in a second — (immediately) sofort (ugs.); (very quickly) im Nu (ugs.)

just a second! — (coll.) einen Moment!

3) (additional person or thing)

a second — noch einer/eine/eins

4)

the second — (in sequence) der/die/das zweite; (in rank) der/die/das Zweite

be the second to arrive — als zweiter/zweite ankommen

5) (in duel, boxing) Sekundant, der/Sekundantin, die

6) in pl. (helping of food) zweite Portion; (second course) zweiter Gang

7) (day)

the second of May — der zweite Mai

the second [of the month] — der Zweite [des Monats]

8) in pl. (goods of second quality) Waren zweiter Wahl

9) (Brit. Univ.) ≈ Gut, das; ≈ Zwei, die
3. transitive verb
(support) unterstützen [Antrag, Nominierung]

I'll second that! — (coll.) dem schließe ich mich an!
II transitive verb
(transfer) vorübergehend versetzen

* * *
I 1. ['sekənd] adjective
1) (next after, or following, the first in time, place etc: February is the second month of the year; She finished the race in second place.) zweit

2) (additional or extra: a second house in the country.) Zweit-...

3) (lesser in importance, quality etc: She's a member of the school's second swimming team.) geringer
2. adverb
(next after the first: He came second in the race.) zweit
3. noun
1) (a second person, thing etc: You're the second to arrive.) der/die/das Zweite

2) (a person who supports and helps a person who is fighting in a boxing match etc.) der Sekundant
4. verb
(to agree with (something said by a previous speaker), especially to do so formally: He proposed the motion and I seconded it.) unterstützen

- academic.ru/65270/secondary">secondary
5. noun
(a secondary school.) höhere Schule

- seconder
- secondly
- secondary colours
- secondary school
- second-best
- second-class
- second-hand
- second lieutenant
- second-rate
- second sight
- second thoughts
- at second hand
- come off second best
- every second week
- month
- second to none II ['sekənd] noun
1) (the sixtieth part of a minute: He ran the race in three minutes and forty-two seconds.) die Sekunde

2) (a short time: I'll be there in a second.) der Augenblick

* * *

sec·ond¹

[ˈsek^ənd]

I. adj inv

1. usu attr (next after first) zweite(r, s)

Brian's going first, who wants to be \second? Brian ist Erster, wer möchte der Nächste sein?

the \second thing he did was [to] pour himself a whisky als Zweites hat er sich einen Whisky eingeschenkt

would you like a \second cup of tea? möchten Sie noch eine Tasse Tee?

\second derivative MATH zweite Ableitung

the \second floor der zweite [o AM erste] Stock

\second form BRIT siebte Klasse, die Siebte

\second grade AM zweite Klasse, die Zweite

the \second teeth die bleibenden [o zweiten] Zähne, das bleibende Gebiss fachspr

the \second time around beim zweiten Mal

every \second week jede zweite Woche, alle zwei Wochen; see also eighth I. 1

2. (next after winner) zweite(r, s)

\second prize zweiter Preis

to take \second place ( fig) zweitrangig sein; see also eighth I. 2

3. (not first in importance, size) zweit-

Germany's \second city Deutschlands zweitwichtigste Stadt

▪ the \second... + superl der/die/das zweit-

the \second biggest town die zweitgrößte Stadt

to be \second only to sb/sth gleich nach jdm/etw kommen fam

to be \second to none unübertroffen sein

4. attr (another) zweite(r, s), Zweit-

\second car Zweitwagen m

\second language zweite Sprache

to be a \second Mozart ein zweiter Mozart sein

to give sb a \second chance jdm eine zweite [o noch eine] Chance geben

to get a \second chance eine zweite Chance bekommen

to be sb's \second home jds zweites Zuhause sein

to ask for a \second opinion eine zweite Meinung einholen

to have \second thoughts seine Meinung ändern, es sich dat noch einmal [o anders] überlegen

without a \second thought ohne lange zu überlegen

to do sth a \second time etw noch einmal tun

5.

▶ to be \second nature to sb jdm in Fleisch und Blut übergegangen sein

▶ to play \second fiddle to sb in jds Schatten stehen

▶ to get one's \second wind neuen Aufschwung bekommen geh

II. n

1. (order)

▪ the \second der/die/das Zweite

to come a poor \second to sb/sth erst an zweiter Stelle nach jdm/etw kommen; see also eighth II. 1

2. (date)

▪ the \second der Zweite; see also eighth II. 2

3. (in titles)

Henry the S\second spoken Heinrich der Zweite

Henry II written Heinrich II.

4. BRIT UNIV ≈ Zwei f, ≈ Zweier m ÖSTERR, ≈ Fünf m SCHWEIZ die mittlere Note bei Abschlussprüfungen

an upper/a lower \second eine Zwei [o SCHWEIZ Fünf] plus/minus, ein guter/schlechter Zweier ÖSTERR

5. no pl AUTO zweiter Gang

to change [down] to [or into] \second in den zweiten Gang [o fam Zweiten] [runter]schalten

6. (extra helping)

▪ \seconds pl Nachschlag m kein pl

are there \seconds, by any chance? kann ich noch eine Portion [o fam etwas] haben?

7. BRIT ( fam: dessert)

▪ \seconds pl Nachtisch m kein pl, Dessert nt SCHWEIZ geh, ÖSTERR bes Nachspeise f

what's for \seconds? was gibt's zum Nachtisch?

8. (imperfect item) Ware f zweiter Wahl

9. (assistant in boxing or duel) Sekundant(in) m(f)

\seconds out [or away] — round two Ring frei — zweite Runde

10. (in ballet) zweite [Tanz]position

11. (in baseball) zweite Base

12. (musical interval) Sekunde f

major/minor \second große/kleine Sekunde

13. (seconder) of a motion Befürworter(in) m(f)

III. adv inv

1. (secondly) zweitens

2. (in second class)

to travel \second zweiter Klasse fahren/fliegen/reisen

IV. vt

1. (support formally in debate)

▪ to \second sth proposal etw unterstützen [o befürworten]

I'll \second that ( fam) ganz meine Meinung

2. ( form: back up)

▪ to \second sth action etw unterstützen

to \second a motion LAW einen Antrag unterstützen [o befürworten

3. ECON

▪ to \second sb jdn abstellen, jdn zeitweilig versetzen

4. LAW, POL

to \second a candidate einen Kandidat/eine Kandidatin unterstützen [o befürworten]

sec·ond²

[ˈsek^ənd]

n

1. (sixtieth of a minute) Sekunde f

with [only] \seconds to spare in [aller]letzter Sekunde

2. (very short time) Sekunde f, Augenblick m

just a \second! [einen] Augenblick!

you go on, I'll only be a \second geh du weiter, ich komme gleich nach

if I could have your attention for a \second or two dürfte ich für einen Augenblick um Ihre Aufmerksamkeit bitten

a couple of [or a few] \seconds ein paar Sekunden fam

for a split \second [or a fraction of a \second] für einen Bruchteil einer Sekunde

to do sth in \seconds etw in Sekundenschnelle machen

3. MATH Sekunde f

se·cond³

[sɪˈkɒnd]

vt usu passive BRIT, AUS

▪ to be \seconded abgestellt werden; officer abkommandiert werden

* * *
I ['sekənd]
1. adj
zweite(r, s)
the second floor (Brit) — der zweite Stock; (US)

a second Goethe every second house — ein zweiter Goethe jedes zweite Haus

every second day/Thursday — jeden zweiten Tag/Donnerstag

to be second — Zweite(r, s) sein

to be second to none — unübertroffen or unerreicht sein

to be second only to sb/sth — nur von jdm/etw übertroffen werden

in second place (Sport etc) — an zweiter Stelle

to be or lie in second place — auf dem zweiten Platz sein or liegen

to finish in second place — den zweiten Platz belegen

or line (US) — der/die Zweite in der Schlange sein

to be second in command (Mil) — stellvertretender Kommandeur sein; (fig)

second violin second tenor the second teeth — zweite Geige zweiter Tenor die zweiten or bleibenden Zähne, das bleibende Gebiss

the Müllers' second car — der Zweitwagen der Müllers

England's second city — die zweitwichtigste Stadt Englands

she's like a second mother to me — sie ist wie eine Mutter zu mir

will you have a second cup? — möchten Sie noch eine Tasse?

I won't tell you a second time — ich sage dir das kein zweites Mal

second time around —

to give sb a second chance — jdm eine zweite or noch eine Chance geben

you won't get a second chance — die Möglichkeit kriegst du so schnell nicht wieder (inf)

the second thing he did was (to) get himself a drink — als Zweites holte er sich etwas zu trinken

See:

→ fiddle, wind

2. adv

1) (+adj) zweit-; (+vb) an zweiter Stelle

the second largest house — das zweitgrößte Haus

the second most common question — die zweithäufigste Frage, die am zweithäufigsten gestellte Frage

the speaker against a motion always speaks second — der Gegenredner spricht immer als Zweiter

to come/lie second (in race, competition) — Zweite(r) werden/sein

to go or travel second (by rail, bus etc) — zweiter Klasse fahren or reisen

2) (= secondly) zweitens

3. vt
motion, proposal unterstützen
I'll second that! (at meeting) — ich unterstütze das; (in general) (genau) meine Meinung

4. n

1) (OF TIME, MATH, SCI) Sekunde f; (inf = short time) Augenblick m

just a second! — (einen) Augenblick!

it won't take a second — es dauert nicht lange

I'll only be a second (or two) — ich komme gleich

at that very second — genau in dem Augenblick

2)

the second (in order) — der/die/das Zweite; (in race, class etc) der/die Zweite

to come a poor/good second — einen schlechten/guten zweiten Platz belegen

to come a poor second to sb/sth —

Elizabeth the Second — Elizabeth die Zweite

3) (AUT)

second ( gear) — der zweite Gang

to put a/the car into second — den zweiten Gang einlegen

to drive in second — im zweiten Gang or im Zweiten fahren

4) (MUS: interval) Sekunde f

5) (Brit UNIV = degree) mittlere Noten bei Abschlussprüfungen

he got an upper/a lower second — ≈ er hat mit Eins bis Zwei/Zwei bis Drei abgeschnitten

6) (SPORT in duel) Sekundant m

seconds out! — Ring frei!

7) pl (inf: second helping) Nachschlag m (inf)

there aren't any seconds — es ist nichts mehr da

can I have seconds? — kann ich noch etwas nachbekommen?

8) (COMM)

this is a second — das ist zweite Wahl

seconds are much cheaper — Waren zweiter Wahl sind viel billiger
II [sɪ'kɒnd]
vt (Brit)
abordnen, abstellen
* * *

second¹ [ˈsekənd]

A adj (adv → secondly)

1. zweit(er, e, es):

at second hand aus zweiter Hand;

second in height zweithöchst(er, e, es);

a second time noch einmal;

every second day jeden zweiten Tag, alle zwei Tage;

second language Zweitsprache f;

second teeth zweite Zähne;

a second Conan Doyle fig ein zweiter Conan Doyle;

it has become second nature with ( oder for) him es ist ihm zur zweiten Natur geworden oder in Fleisch und Blut übergegangen;

it has become second nature for me to get up at six ich stehe ganz automatisch um sechs auf;

in the second place

a) zweitens,

b) in zweiter Linie;

take second place

a) SPORT etc den zweiten Platz belegen,

b) weniger wichtig sein (to als),

c) auch go into second place zweitrangig oder nebensächlich werden;

everything else had to go into second place alles andere musste zurückstehen oder -treten (to hinter dat); → helping B 2, self A 1, sight A 1, thought¹ 3, wind¹ A 7

2. zweit(er, e, es):

a) ander(er, e, es), nächst(er, e, es)

b) zweitklassig, -rangig, untergeordnet (to dat):

second cabin Kabine f zweiter Klasse;

second lieutenant MIL Leutnant m;

second to none unerreicht;

he is second to none er ist unübertroffen; → fiddle A 1

B s

1. (der, die, das) Zweite

2. (der, die, das) Nächste oder Untergeordnete oder (Nach)Folgende: → second-in-command

3. SPORT etc Zweite(r) m/f(m), zweite(r) Sieger(in):

be a good second nur knapp geschlagen werden

4. Sekundant m (beim Duell oder Boxen):

seconds out (Boxen) Ring frei!

5. Helfer(in), Beistand m

6. AUTO (der) zweite Gang

7. MUS zweite Stimme, Begleitstimme f

8. pl WIRTSCH Ware(n) f(pl) zweiter Qualität oder Wahl, zweite Wahl

9. UNIV Br → second class 2

10. umg BAHN (die) zweite Klasse

11. second of exchange WIRTSCH Sekundawechsel m

12. pl umg Nachschlag m (zweite Portion)

C adv als Zweit(er, e, es), zweitens, an zweiter Stelle:

come in ( oder finish) second als Zweiter durchs Ziel gehen, Zweiter werden;

come second fig (erst) an zweiter Stelle kommen

D v/t

1. jemanden, einen Antrag etc unterstützen, jemandem beistehen

2. jemandem (beim Duell, Boxen) sekundieren (auch fig)

second² [ˈsekənd] s

1. Sekunde f (Zeiteinheit, auch MUS):

in seconds in Sekundenschnelle

2. fig Sekunde f, Augenblick m, Moment m:

wait a second!

3. MATH (Bogen) Sekunde f

second³ [sıˈkɒnd] v/t Br

a) einen Offizier etc abstellen, abkommandieren

b) einen Beamten etc ( besonders zeitweilig) versetzen ( alle:

from von;

to nach, in akk)

s. abk

1. second ( seconds pl) s, Sek.

2. section

3. see s.

4. series

5. set

6. HIST Br shilling ( shillings pl)

7. sign

8. signed gez.

9. singular Sg.

10. son

sec. abk

1. MATH secant

2. second ( seconds pl) s, Sek.

3. secondary

4. secretary

5. sections

6. sector

* * *
I 1. adjective
zweit...; zweitwichtigst... [Stadt, Hafen usw.]

second largest/highest — etc. zweitgrößt.../-höchst... usw.

every second week — jede zweite Woche

second to none — unübertroffen
2. noun
1) (unit of time or angle) Sekunde, die

2) (coll.): (moment) Sekunde, die (ugs.)

wait a few seconds — einen Moment warten

in a second — (immediately) sofort (ugs.); (very quickly) im Nu (ugs.)

just a second! — (coll.) einen Moment!

3) (additional person or thing)

a second — noch einer/eine/eins

4)

the second — (in sequence) der/die/das zweite; (in rank) der/die/das Zweite

be the second to arrive — als zweiter/zweite ankommen

5) (in duel, boxing) Sekundant, der/Sekundantin, die

6) in pl. (helping of food) zweite Portion; (second course) zweiter Gang

7) (day)

the second of May — der zweite Mai

the second [of the month] — der Zweite [des Monats]

8) in pl. (goods of second quality) Waren zweiter Wahl

9) (Brit. Univ.) ≈ Gut, das; ≈ Zwei, die
3. transitive verb
(support) unterstützen [Antrag, Nominierung]

I'll second that! — (coll.) dem schließe ich mich an!
II transitive verb
(transfer) vorübergehend versetzen

* * *

adj.

zweit adj. n.

Sekunde -n f. v.

helfen v.

(§ p.,pp.: half, geholfen)

unterstützen v.

English-german dictionary > second
17 side

1. noun
1) ((the ground beside) an edge, border or boundary line: He walked round the side of the field; He lives on the same side of the street as me.) lado

2) (a surface of something: A cube has six sides.) cara

3) (one of the two of such surfaces which are not the top, bottom, front, or back: There is a label on the side of the box.) lado

4) (either surface of a piece of paper, cloth etc: Don't waste paper - write on both sides!) cara, lado, plana

5) (the right or left part of the body: I've got a pain in my side.) costado, lado

6) (a part or division of a town etc: He lives on the north side of the town.) parte, lado

7) (a slope (of a hill): a mountain-side.) ladera, falda

8) (a point of view; an aspect: We must look at all sides of the problem.) aspecto, punto de vista

9) (a party, team etc which is opposing another: Whose side are you on?; Which side is winning?) lado, parte, bando

2. adjective
(additional, but less important: a side issue.) secundario

- - side
- - sided
- sidelong
- sideways
- sideburns
- side effect
- sidelight
- sideline
- sidelines
- side road
- sidestep
- side-street
- sidetrack
- sidewalk
- from all sides
- on all sides
- side by side
- side with
- take sides

side n

1. lado

it's on the other side of the street está al otro lado de la calle

she sat down by my side se sentó a mi lado

2. cara

write on both sides of the paper escribe en las dos caras del papel

have you listened to the other side of the record? ¿has escuchado la otra cara del disco?

3. lado / costado

my right side hurts, doctor doctor, me duele el costado derecho

4. mano

it's on the right hand side está a mano derecha

5. equipo

which side do you want to win? ¿qué equipo quieres que gane?

6. parte / lado

I'm on your side estoy de tu parte

side by side uno al lado del otro

to take sides tomar partido

side

tr[saɪd]

noun

1 (gen) lado; (of coin, cube, record) cara; (of written page) carilla, cara, plana

■ there's a garage at the side of the house hay un garaje al lado de la casa

■ write on one side of the paper only sólo escribir en una cara del papel

■ the right/wrong side of the material el derecho/revés de la tela

■ he's from the other side of town es del otro lado de la ciudad

■ let's cross over to the other side crucemos al otro lado

■ they sat on either side of the table se sentaron a ambos lados de la mesa

■ they drive on the right-hand side of the road conducen por la derecha

■ it's on the left-hand side está a mano izquierda

2 (of hill, mountain) ladera, falda

3 (of body) lado, costado; (of animal) ijada, ijar nombre masculino

■ I've got a pain in my right side me duele el lado derecho

■ she was lying on her side estaba echada de lado

■ she never left his side no dejó nunca de estar con él

■ come and sit by my side ven y siéntate a mi lado

■ a side of beef media res

4 (edge - gen) borde nombre masculino; (- of lake, river, etc) orilla; (- of page) margen nombre masculino

■ flowers grow at the side of the path crecen flores a los lados del sendero

■ she made notes at the side of the page tomó notas en el margen de la página

5 (aspect) aspecto, faceta, lado; (position, opinion, point of view) lado, parte nombre femenino, punto de vista

■ a new side to his character una nueva faceta de su carácter

■ try and look on the bright side trata de ver el lado bueno de las cosas

■ look at it from my side míralo desde mi punto de vista

■ the practical side of things el aspecto práctico de las cosas

■ listen to both sides before you decide escucha los dos partes antes de decidir

■ I've kept my side of the bargain he cumplido con mi parte del trato

■ one side of the story una versión de la historia

6 (participant in war, argument, debate, etc) lado, parte nombre femenino, bando; (party) partido

■ whose side are you on? ¿de qué parte estás?, ¿de parte de quién estás?

■ I'm on your side estoy de tu parte, estoy de tu lado

■ both sides are as bad as each other los dos bandos son igual de malos

7 SMALLSPORT/SMALL equipo

8 (line of descent) parte nombre femenino, lado

■ on his mother's side por parte de su madre

9 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL familiar (TV channel) canal nombre masculino

adjective

1 lateral

■ use the side door utiliza la puerta lateral

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

by the side of junto a

on/from all sides por los cuatro costados

on/from every side por los cuatro costados

on the side (in addition to main job) como trabajo extra

■ he makes a bit of money on the side by giving private classes gana algún dinero extra dando clases particulares

side by side juntos,-as, uno,-a al lado del/de la otro,-a

this side of... (place) sólo en... 2 (time) antes de...

■ this side of the year 2000 antes del año 2000

to be on the right/wrong side of fifty tener menos/más de cincuenta años

to be on the big/small side ser más bien grande/pequeño,-a

to come down on somebody's side (gen) ponerse de parte de alguien 2 (in judgement) fallar a favor de alguien

to get on the wrong side of somebody ganarse la antipatía de alguien

to have something on one's side tener ventaja en algo

to keep on the right side of somebody tratar de llevarse bien con alguien

to let the side down fallar a alguien, hacer quedar mal a alguien

to put something on/to one side guardar algo, reservar algo, dejar algo a un lado

to take somebody on(to) one side llamar a alguien aparte

to take sides with somebody ponerse de parte de alguien

side dish guarnición nombre femenino, acompañamiento

side drum tambor nombre masculino

side effect efecto secundario

side issue tema secundario

side street calle nombre femenino lateral

side view vista de perfil

side ['saɪd] n

1) : lado m, costado m (de una persona), ijada f (de un animal)

2) : lado m, cara f (de una moneda, etc.)

3) : lado m, parte f

he's on my side: está de mi parte

to take sides: tomar partido

side

adj.

• indirecto, -a adj.

• ladero, -a adj.

• lateral adj.

• secundario, -a adj.

n.

• cara s.f.

• costado s.m.

• equipo s.m.

• falda s.f.

• flanco s.m.

• lado s.m.

• orilla s.f.

v.

• tomar partido v.

I saɪd
noun

1) (surface - of cube, record, coin, piece of paper) lado m, cara f; (- of building, cupboard) lado m, costado m; (- of mountain, hill) ladera f, falda f

we laid the wardrobe on its side — colocamos el armario de costado or de lado

this side up — este lado hacia arriba

they threw him over the side — lo arrojaron por la borda

1,000 words is about three sides — 1.000 palabras son más o menos tres carillas

the right/wrong side of the fabric — el derecho/revés de la tela; coin I

2) (boundary, edge)

he left it on the side of his plate — lo dejó en el plato, a un lado or (RPl) a un costado

they were playing by the side of the pool — estaban jugando junto a or al lado de la piscina

the house is by the side of a lake — la casa está a orillas de un lago

3) ( of person) costado m; ( of animal) ijada f, ijar m

a side of beef — media res f

Roy stood at her side — Roy estaba a su lado

he flew in from Washington to be at her side — voló desde Washington para estar con ella or para acompañarla

they sat side by side — estaban sentados uno junto al otro or uno al lado del otro

to work side by side with somebody — trabajar codo con codo con algn

to get on the wrong side of somebody — ganarse la antipatía de algn

to stay o keep on the right side of somebody — no predisponer* a algn en contra de uno

4) (contrasted area, part, half) lado m

the driver's/passenger's side — el lado del conductor/pasajero

they drive on the left-hand side of the road — conducen por la izquierda

the church is on the left-hand side — la iglesia está a mano izquierda

from side to side — de un lado al otro

on both sides/either side of something — a ambos lados/a cada lado de algo

to move to one side — hacerse* a un lado

to take somebody to one side — llamar a algn aparte

to put something on o to one side: I'll put it to one side until I have more time lo voy a dejar hasta que tenga más tiempo; he swam to the other side of the river nadó hasta la otra orilla or hasta el otro lado del río; she walked past on the other side of the street pasó por la acera de enfrente; he's the right/wrong side of 40 tiene menos/más de 40 años; she received support from all sides recibió apoyo de todos los sectores; on the side: he repairs cars on the side — arregla coches como trabajo extra; track I 6) a)

5)

a) ( faction)

to change sides — cambiarse de bando

to take sides — tomar partido

to take somebody's side — ponerse* de parte or del lado de algn

whose side are you on? — ¿tú de parte de quién estás?

she worked for the other side — trabajó para el enemigo

he came down on the side of the union — falló a favor del sindicato

b) ( Sport) equipo m

6) (area, aspect) lado m, aspecto m

you must listen to both sides of the story — hay que oír las dos versiones or las dos campanas

we've kept our side of the bargain — nosotros hemos cumplido con nuestra parte del trato

it's a little on the short/expensive side — es un poco corto/caro

7) ( line of descent)

on her father's side — por parte de su padre or por el lado paterno

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- side with

II

adjective (before n, no comp)

a) <door/entrance/wall> lateral

a side street — una calle lateral, una lateral

b) (incidental, secondary) < issue> secundario

c) ( Culin)

side dish — acompañamiento m, guarnición f

a side order of vegetables — una porción de verduras como acompañamiento or guarnición

a side salad — una ensalada ( como acompañamiento)

[saɪd]
1. N

1) [of person] lado m, costado m

• at or by sb's side — (lit) al lado de algn; (fig) en apoyo a algn

the assistant was at or by his side — el ayudante estaba a su lado

he had the telephone by his side — tenía el teléfono a su lado

by the side of — al lado de

to sit by sb's side — estar sentado al lado de algn

side by side — uno al lado del otro

we sat side by side — nos sentamos uno al lado del otro

to sit side by side with sb — estar sentado al lado de algn

• to sleep on one's side — dormir de costado

• to split one's sides — desternillarse de risa

2) [of animal] ijar m, ijada f

• side of bacon/ beef — (Culin) lonja f de tocino/vaca or (LAm) res

3) (=edge) [of box, square, building etc] lado m ; [of boat, vehicle] costado m ; [of hill] ladera f, falda f ; [of lake] orilla f ; [of road, pond] borde m

a house on the side of a mountain — una casa en la ladera de una montaña

by the side of the lake — a la orilla del lago

the car was abandoned at the side of the road — el coche estaba abandonado al borde de la carretera

• on the other side of the road — al otro lado de la calle

• he was driving on the wrong side of the road — iba por el lado contrario de la carretera

4) (=face, surface) [of box, solid figure, paper, record etc] cara f

please write on both sides of the paper — escribir en ambas caras del papel

play side A — pon la cara A

what's on the other side? — [of record] ¿qué hay a la vuelta?

• right side up — boca arriba

• wrong side up — boca abajo

to be wrong side out — estar al revés

- let's look at the other side of the coin

- these are two sides of the same coin

- the other side of the picture

5) (=aspect) lado m, aspecto m

to see only one side of the question — ver solo un lado or aspecto de la cuestión

to hear both sides of the question — escuchar los argumentos en pro y en contra

on one side..., on the other... — por una parte..., por otra...

6) (=part) lado m

• from all sides — de todas partes, de todos lados

on all sides — por todas partes, por todos lados

• on both sides — por ambos lados

• to look on the bright side — ser optimista

• from every side — de todas partes, de todos lados

• the left-hand side — el lado izquierdo

• on the mother's side — por parte de la madre

• to make a bit (of money) on the side * — ganar algún dinero extra, hacer chapuzas (Sp)

• to move to one side — apartarse, ponerse de lado

to take sb on or to one side — apartar a algn

to put sth to or on one side (for sb) — guardar algo (para algn)

leaving that to one side for the moment,... — dejando eso a un lado por ahora,...

• it's the other side of Illescas — está más allá de Illescas

• to be on the right side of 30 — no haber cumplido los 30 años

to be on the right side of sb — caerle bien a algn

to get on the right side of sb — procurar congraciarse con algn

to keep on the right side of sb — congraciarse or quedar bien con algn

• the right-hand side — el lado derecho

it's on the right-hand side — está a mano derecha

• to be on the safe side... — para estar seguro..., por si acaso...

let's be on the safe side — atengámonos a lo más seguro

• it's this side of Segovia — está más acá de Segovia

it won't happen this side of Christmas — no será antes de Navidades

• from side to side — de un lado a otro

• to be on the wrong side of 30 — haber cumplido los 30 años

- be on the wrong side of sb

to get on the wrong side of sb — ponerse a malas con algn

- get out of bed on the wrong side

7) (fig)

• the weather's on the cold side — el tiempo es algo frío

• it's a bit on the large side — es algo or (LAm) tantito grande

• the results are on the poor side — los resultados son más bien mediocres

8) (=team) (Sport) equipo m

• to change sides — pasar al otro bando; (opinion) cambiar de opinión

• to choose sides — seleccionar el equipo

• to let the side down — (Sport) dejar caer a los suyos; (fig) decepcionar

• he's on our side — (fig) es de los nuestros

whose side are you on? — ¿a quiénes apoyas?

I'm on your side — yo estoy de tu parte

with a few concessions on the government side — con algunas concesiones por parte del gobierno

to be on the side of sth/sb — ser partidario de algo/algn

to have age/justice on one's side — tener la juventud/la justicia de su lado

• our side won — ganaron los nuestros

• to pick sides — seleccionar el equipo

• to take sides (with sb) — tomar partido (con algn)

to take sb's side — ponerse de parte de algn

9) (Pol) (=party) partido m

10) (Brit) * (=conceit, superiority) tono m, postín * m

there's no side about or to him, he's got no side — no presume, no se da aires de superioridad

to put on side — darse tono

2.

VI (in argument)

• to side against sb — tomar el partido contrario a algn, alinearse con los que se oponen a algn

• to side with sb — ponerse de parte de algn

I'm siding with nobody — yo no tomo partido

3.

CPD

side arms NPL — armas fpl de cinto

side dish N — plato m adicional (servido con el principal)

side door N — puerta f de al lado

side drum N — tamboril m

side effect N — efecto m secundario

side entrance N — entrada f lateral

side glance N — mirada f de soslayo

side issue N — cuestión f secundaria

side order N — plato m de acompañamiento

• served with a side order of sth — servido con acompañamiento or guarnición de algo

served with a side order of potato salad — servido con acompañamiento or guarnición de ensaladilla de patatas

side plate N — platito m (para el pan, ensalada etc)

side road N — carretera f secundaria

side saddle N — silla f de amazona
side-saddle
side street N — calle f lateral

side table N — trinchero m

side view N — perfil m

side whiskers NPL — patillas fpl

* * *

I [saɪd]
noun

1) (surface - of cube, record, coin, piece of paper) lado m, cara f; (- of building, cupboard) lado m, costado m; (- of mountain, hill) ladera f, falda f

we laid the wardrobe on its side — colocamos el armario de costado or de lado

this side up — este lado hacia arriba

they threw him over the side — lo arrojaron por la borda

1,000 words is about three sides — 1.000 palabras son más o menos tres carillas

the right/wrong side of the fabric — el derecho/revés de la tela; coin I

2) (boundary, edge)

he left it on the side of his plate — lo dejó en el plato, a un lado or (RPl) a un costado

they were playing by the side of the pool — estaban jugando junto a or al lado de la piscina

the house is by the side of a lake — la casa está a orillas de un lago

3) ( of person) costado m; ( of animal) ijada f, ijar m

a side of beef — media res f

Roy stood at her side — Roy estaba a su lado

he flew in from Washington to be at her side — voló desde Washington para estar con ella or para acompañarla

they sat side by side — estaban sentados uno junto al otro or uno al lado del otro

to work side by side with somebody — trabajar codo con codo con algn

to get on the wrong side of somebody — ganarse la antipatía de algn

to stay o keep on the right side of somebody — no predisponer* a algn en contra de uno

4) (contrasted area, part, half) lado m

the driver's/passenger's side — el lado del conductor/pasajero

they drive on the left-hand side of the road — conducen por la izquierda

the church is on the left-hand side — la iglesia está a mano izquierda

from side to side — de un lado al otro

on both sides/either side of something — a ambos lados/a cada lado de algo

to move to one side — hacerse* a un lado

to take somebody to one side — llamar a algn aparte

to put something on o to one side: I'll put it to one side until I have more time lo voy a dejar hasta que tenga más tiempo; he swam to the other side of the river nadó hasta la otra orilla or hasta el otro lado del río; she walked past on the other side of the street pasó por la acera de enfrente; he's the right/wrong side of 40 tiene menos/más de 40 años; she received support from all sides recibió apoyo de todos los sectores; on the side: he repairs cars on the side — arregla coches como trabajo extra; track I 6) a)

5)

a) ( faction)

to change sides — cambiarse de bando

to take sides — tomar partido

to take somebody's side — ponerse* de parte or del lado de algn

whose side are you on? — ¿tú de parte de quién estás?

she worked for the other side — trabajó para el enemigo

he came down on the side of the union — falló a favor del sindicato

b) ( Sport) equipo m

6) (area, aspect) lado m, aspecto m

you must listen to both sides of the story — hay que oír las dos versiones or las dos campanas

we've kept our side of the bargain — nosotros hemos cumplido con nuestra parte del trato

it's a little on the short/expensive side — es un poco corto/caro

7) ( line of descent)

on her father's side — por parte de su padre or por el lado paterno

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- side with

II

adjective (before n, no comp)

a) <door/entrance/wall> lateral

a side street — una calle lateral, una lateral

b) (incidental, secondary) < issue> secundario

c) ( Culin)

side dish — acompañamiento m, guarnición f

a side order of vegetables — una porción de verduras como acompañamiento or guarnición

a side salad — una ensalada ( como acompañamiento)

English-spanish dictionary > side
18 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

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Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

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Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
"
Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
"
Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
"
Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
"
Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
"
provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
"
not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

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Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
"
an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
"
further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

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"
GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
"
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GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

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64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
19 second

I
1. 'sekənd adjective
1) (next after, or following, the first in time, place etc: February is the second month of the year; She finished the race in second place.) segundo

2) (additional or extra: a second house in the country.) segundo

3) (lesser in importance, quality etc: She's a member of the school's second swimming team.) segundo

2. adverb
(next after the first: He came second in the race.) segundo

3. noun
1) (a second person, thing etc: You're the second to arrive.) segundo

2) (a person who supports and helps a person who is fighting in a boxing match etc.) segundo, cuidador

4. verb
(to agree with (something said by a previous speaker), especially to do so formally: He proposed the motion and I seconded it.) apoyar, secundar

- secondary

5. noun
(a secondary school.) escuela de secundaria

- seconder
- secondly
- secondary colours
- secondary school
- second-best
- second-class
- second-hand
- second lieutenant
- second-rate
- second sight
- second thoughts
- at second hand
- come off second best
- every second week
- month
- second to none
II 'sekənd noun
1) (the sixtieth part of a minute: He ran the race in three minutes and forty-two seconds.) segundo

2) (a short time: I'll be there in a second.) segundo, instante

second¹ adj segundo

this is the second time I have been here es la segunda vez que vengo aquí

I came second in the race quedé segundo en la carrera

Se usa también para decir la fecha

the second of March el dos de marzo

second² n segundo

there are 60 seconds in a minute un minuto tiene 60 segundos

second

tr['sekənd]

adjective

1 (gen) segundo,-a; (another) otro,-a

■ it's the second largest city in England es la segunda ciudad más grande de Inglaterra

■ Birmingham is second only to London in population sólo Londres tiene más habitantes que Birmingham

■ every second day/week/month/year cada dos días/semanas/meses/años

pronoun

1 segundo,-a

■ they've got one baby and now she's expecting a second tienen un bebé y ya espera el segundo

noun

1 (in series) segundo,-a

2 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL (degree) ≈ notable nombre masculino

3 SMALLAUTOMOBILES/SMALL (gear) segunda

■ in second en segunda

4 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (boxing) segundo, mánager nombre masculino, cuidador nombre masculino

5 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL segunda

adverb

1 segundo, en segundo lugar

■ he came second llegó segundo, quedó en segundo lugar

transitive verb

1 (motion, proposal) apoyar, secundar

2 familiar (agree) estar de acuerdo con

plural noun seconds

1 SMALLCOMMERCE/SMALL artículos nombre masculino plural con tara, artículos nombre masculino plural defectuosos

1 (food) segunda ración nombre femenino

■ who wants seconds? ¿quién quiere repetir?

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

on second thoughts pensándolo bien

to be second nature to somebody serle completamente natural a alguien

■ don't worry, it'll soon become second nature to you no te preocupes, pronto te parecerá una cosa muy natural

to be second to none no tener igual

to have a second string to one's bow tener otra alternativa

to have second helpings repetir

to have second thoughts (about something) entrarle dudas a uno (sobre algo), cambiar de idea (sobre algo)

to play second fiddle ser segundón,-ona, desempeñar un papel secundario

second class segunda clase

Second Coming Segundo Advenimiento

second floor SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL segundo piso 2 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL primer piso

second generation segunda generación nombre femenino

second half segundo tiempo

second language segundo idioma

second lieutenant alférez nombre masulino o femenino

second name apellido

second person segunda persona

second sight clarividencia

Second World War Segunda Guerra Mundial Table 1SMALLNOTA/SMALL See also sixth/Table 1

————————

second

tr['sekənd]

noun

1 (time) segundo

■ Christie's time was 9.9 seconds Christie hizo un tiempo de 9,9 segundos

2 familiar momento, momentito

■ have you got a second? ¿tienes un momento?

■ I'll be back in a second enseguida vuelvo

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

second hand (of watch) segundero

————————

second

tr[sɪ'kɒnd]

transitive verb

1 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL trasladar temporalmente

second ['sɛkənd] vt

: secundar, apoyar (una moción)

second or secondly ['sɛkəndli] adv

: en segundo lugar

second adj

: segundo

second n

1) : segundo m, -da f (en una serie)

2) : segundo m, segunda parte f

3) : segundo m, ayudante m (en deportes)

4) moment: segundo m, momento m

second

adj.

• segunda adj.

• segundo, -a adj.

adv.

• en segundo lugar adv.

n.

• dos s.m.

• segunda s.f.

• segundante s.m.

• segundo s.m. (In a duel)

v.

• apadrinar v.

v.

• secundar v.

I 'sekənd
adjective

1)

a) segundo

he had a second cup of tea — se tomó otra taza de té

he's already had a second helping — ya ha repetido or (Chi) se ha repetido

he won't do that a second time — no lo volverá a hacer

to give somebody a second chance — darle* a alguien otra oportunidad

every second Tuesday/week — cada dos martes/semanas, martes/semana por medio (CS, Per)

second generation — segunda generación f

second home — segunda vivienda f

second language — segundo idioma m

b) (in seniority, standing) segundo

our service is second to none — nuestro servicio es insuperable

2) ( elliptical use)

I leave on the second (of the month) — me voy el (día) dos

II

adverb

a) (in position, time, order) en segundo lugar

work comes second, family first — la familia está antes que el trabajo

b) ( secondly) en segundo lugar

c) ( with superl)

the second tallest boy in the class — el chico que le sigue al más alto de la clase

the second highest building — el segundo edificio en altura

III

noun

1)

a) ( of time) segundo m; (before n)

second hand — segundero m

b) ( moment) segundo m

it doesn't take a second — no lleva ni un segundo, es cosa de un segundo

2)

a) second (gear) ( Auto) (no art) segunda f

b) ( in competition)

he finished a good/poor second — quedó en un honroso/deslucido segundo lugar

c) (BrE Educ)

upper/lower second — segunda y tercera nota de la escala de calificaciones de un título universitario

3) (in boxing, wrestling) segundo m; ( in dueling) padrino m

4) ( substandard product) artículo m con defectos de fábrica

5) seconds pl ( second helping) (colloq)

to have seconds — repetir*, repetirse* (Chi)

IV

transitive verb

1) ( support) \<\<motion/candidate\>\> secundar

2) sɪ'kɒnd ( attach) (BrE)

to second somebody (to something) — trasladar a alguien temporalmente (a algo)

I ['sekǝnd]
1. ADJ

1) (gen) segundo

they have a second home in Oxford — tienen otra casa en Oxford, en Oxford tienen una segunda vivienda

will you have a second cup? — ¿quieres otra taza?

• give him a second chance — dale otra oportunidad

you won't get a second chance — no tendrás otra oportunidad

• in second gear — (Aut) en segunda (velocidad)

• it's second nature to her — lo hace sin pensar

for some of us swimming is not second nature — para muchos de nosotros nadar no es algo que nos salga hacer de forma natural

violence was second nature to him — la violencia era parte de su naturaleza

he had practised until it had become second nature — había practicado hasta que le salía con naturalidad

• to ask for a second opinion — pedir una segunda opinión

• to be/lie in second place — estar/encontrarse en segundo lugar or segunda posición

• to have second sight — tener clarividencia, ser clarividente

• Charles the Second — (spoken form) Carlos Segundo; (written form) Carlos II

• without a or with hardly a second thought — sin pensarlo dos veces

I didn't give it a second thought — no volví a pensar en ello

to have second thoughts (about sth/about doing sth) — tener sus dudas (sobre algo/si hacer algo)

I'm having second thoughts about hiring him — tengo mis dudas sobre si contratarle

on second thoughts... — pensándolo bien...

• for the second time — por segunda vez

fatherhood second time around has not been easy for him — volver a ser padre no le ha resultado fácil

• to be second to none — no tener rival, ser inigualable

Bath is second only to Glasgow as a tourist attraction — Bath es la atracción turística más popular aparte de Glasgow, solo Glasgow gana en popularidad a Bath como atracción turística

• to get one's second wind — conseguir recobrar fuerzas
floor 1.
2) (Mus) segundo

I played second clarinet — era segundo clarinete
fiddle 1., 1)
2. ADV

1) (in race, competition, election) en segundo lugar

• to come/ finish second — quedar/llegar en segundo lugar or segunda posición

in popularity polls he came second only to Nelson Mandela — en los sondeos era el segundo más popular por detrás de Nelson Mandela

2) (=secondly) segundo, en segundo lugar

3) (before superl adj)

the second tallest building in the world — el segundo edificio más alto del mundo

the second largest fish — el segundo pez en tamaño, el segundo mayor pez

this is the second largest city in Spain — ocupa la segunda posición entre las ciudades más grandes de España

3. N

1) (in race, competition)

• he came a good/ poor second — quedó segundo a poca/gran distancia del vencedor

studying for his exams comes a poor second to playing football — prepararse los exámenes no tiene ni de lejos la importancia que tiene jugar al fútbol

I feel I come a poor second in my husband's affections to our baby daughter — tengo la sensación de que mi marido vuelca todo su cariño en la pequeña y a mí me tiene olvidada
close
2) (Aut) segunda velocidad f

• in second — en segunda (velocidad)

3) (=assistant) (in boxing) segundo m, cuidador m ; (in duel) padrino m

seconds out! — ¡segundos fuera!

4) (Brit)
(Univ)
• Lower/ Upper Second — calificación que ocupa el tercer/segundo lugar en la escala de las que se otorgan con un título universitario

See:

see cultural note DEGREE in degree

5) seconds

a) (Comm) artículos mpl con defecto de fábrica

• these dresses are slight seconds — estos vestidos tienen pequeños defectos de fábrica

b) (Culin)

will you have seconds? — ¿quieres más?

I went back for seconds — volví a repetir

4. VT

1) [+ motion, speaker, nomination] apoyar, secundar

I'll second that * — lo mismo digo yo, estoy completamente de acuerdo

2) [sɪ'kɒnd]
[+ employee] trasladar temporalmente; [+ civil servant] enviar en comisión de servicios (Sp)
5.

CPD

second chamber N — [of parliament] cámara f alta

second childhood N — segunda infancia f

he's in his second childhood — está en su segunda infancia

the Second Coming N — (Rel) el segundo Advenimiento

second cousin N — primo(-a) segundo(-a) m / f

second fiddle — see fiddle 1., 1)

second form N — curso de secundaria para alumnos de entre 12 y 13 años

second gear N — segunda f

second generation N — segunda generación f

second half N — (Sport) segundo tiempo m, segunda parte f ; (Econ) segundo semestre m (del año económico)

second house N — (Theat) segunda función f

second language N — segunda lengua f

English as a second language — inglés como segunda lengua

second lieutenant N — (in army) alférez mf, subteniente mf

second mate, second officer N — (in Merchant Navy) segundo m de a bordo

second mortgage N — segunda hipoteca f

second name N — apellido m

second person N — (Gram) segunda persona f

the second person singular/plural — la segunda persona del singular/plural

second sight N —

• to have second sight — ser clarividente

second string N — (esp US) (Sport) (=player) suplente mf ; (=team) equipo m de reserva

the Second World War N — la Segunda Guerra Mundial

II ['sekǝnd]
1.

N (in time, Geog, Math) segundo m

• just a second!, half a second! * — ¡un momento!, ¡momentito! (esp LAm)

I'll be with you in (just) a second — un momento y estoy contigo

• in a split second — en un instante, en un abrir y cerrar de ojos

the operation is timed to a split second — la operación está concebida con la mayor precisión en cuanto al tiempo

• it won't take a second — es cosa de un segundo, es un segundo nada más

• at that very second — en ese mismo instante

2.

CPD

second hand N — [of clock] segundero m

* * *

I ['sekənd]
adjective

1)

a) segundo

he had a second cup of tea — se tomó otra taza de té

he's already had a second helping — ya ha repetido or (Chi) se ha repetido

he won't do that a second time — no lo volverá a hacer

to give somebody a second chance — darle* a alguien otra oportunidad

every second Tuesday/week — cada dos martes/semanas, martes/semana por medio (CS, Per)

second generation — segunda generación f

second home — segunda vivienda f

second language — segundo idioma m

b) (in seniority, standing) segundo

our service is second to none — nuestro servicio es insuperable

2) ( elliptical use)

I leave on the second (of the month) — me voy el (día) dos

II

adverb

a) (in position, time, order) en segundo lugar

work comes second, family first — la familia está antes que el trabajo

b) ( secondly) en segundo lugar

c) ( with superl)

the second tallest boy in the class — el chico que le sigue al más alto de la clase

the second highest building — el segundo edificio en altura

III

noun

1)

a) ( of time) segundo m; (before n)

second hand — segundero m

b) ( moment) segundo m

it doesn't take a second — no lleva ni un segundo, es cosa de un segundo

2)

a) second (gear) ( Auto) (no art) segunda f

b) ( in competition)

he finished a good/poor second — quedó en un honroso/deslucido segundo lugar

c) (BrE Educ)

upper/lower second — segunda y tercera nota de la escala de calificaciones de un título universitario

3) (in boxing, wrestling) segundo m; ( in dueling) padrino m

4) ( substandard product) artículo m con defectos de fábrica

5) seconds pl ( second helping) (colloq)

to have seconds — repetir*, repetirse* (Chi)

IV

transitive verb

1) ( support) \<\<motion/candidate\>\> secundar

2) [sɪ'kɒnd] ( attach) (BrE)

to second somebody (to something) — trasladar a alguien temporalmente (a algo)

English-spanish dictionary > second
20 second

I 1. 'sekənd adjective
1) (next after, or following, the first in time, place etc: February is the second month of the year; She finished the race in second place.) annen; nummer to, nest best

2) (additional or extra: a second house in the country.) annen

3) (lesser in importance, quality etc: She's a member of the school's second swimming team.) nest best
2. adverb
(next after the first: He came second in the race.) som nummer to
3. noun
1) (a second person, thing etc: You're the second to arrive.) annen, nummer to

2) (a person who supports and helps a person who is fighting in a boxing match etc.) sekundant
4. verb
(to agree with (something said by a previous speaker), especially to do so formally: He proposed the motion and I seconded it.) støtte

- secondary
5. noun
(a secondary school.) ungdomsskole/videregående skole

- seconder
- secondly
- secondary colours
- secondary school
- second-best
- second-class
- second-hand
- second lieutenant
- second-rate
- second sight
- second thoughts
- at second hand
- come off second best
- every second week
- month
- second to none II 'sekənd noun
1) (the sixtieth part of a minute: He ran the race in three minutes and forty-two seconds.) sekund

2) (a short time: I'll be there in a second.) øyeblikk, sekund

andre
--------
annen
--------
sekund

I
subst. \/ˈsek(ə)nd\/

1) ( sport) toer, nummer to, andremann

• he was an easy second

han kom som en god nummer to

2) (sport, konkurranser) andreplass

3) ( motorteknikk) andregir, andre

• put the car in second

sett bilen i andre \/ sett bilen i andregir

4) ( om hjelper i debatt eller konkurranse) sekundant, kampvitne

• we need a second for this duel

vi trenger en sekundant til duellen

5) medhjelper, assistent, høyre hånd

6) ( jernbane) annenklasses kupé, annenklasses vogn

7) ( universitet) haud

• he got a second

han fikk haud til eksamen

8) ( musikk) annenstemme

9) ( musikk) sekund, sekundakkord

second of exchange ( handel) sekunda, sekundaveksel

seconds ( handel) andresortering, overskuddsvarer, sekunda varer, annenklasses varer

• these cups are seconds

disse koppene er andresortering

( hverdagslig) påfyll, annen gangs forsyning, en porsjon til

• have seconds on the meat

ta mer kjøtt
II
subst. \/ˈsek(ə)nd\/

1) sekund

• five metres per second

fem meter per sekund

2) øyeblikk

• I'll be back in a second

jeg er tilbake om et øyeblikk

3) ( del av grad i en vinkel) sekund
III
verb \/ˈsek(ə)nd\/

1) understøtte, bifalle

2) ( politikk) slutte seg til, sekundere, uttrykke formell støtte

• they seconded his proposal

de støttet forslaget

3) sekundere, være sekundant for

be seconded ( også) bli overført, bli forflyttet
IV
verb \/sɪˈkɒnd\/

( militærvesen) stille til rådighet, avgi, overføre, destasjere, avdele

• captain S. was seconded for service

kaptein S. ble avgitt til tjeneste
V
adj. \/ˈsek(ə)nd\/

1) annen, andre, nest, etter-

• I am second tenor in the church choir

jeg er annentenor i kirkekoret

• the second largest house in the street is theirs

det nest største huset i gaten er deres

2) nest best, sekundær, annenrangs, underordnet, underlegen, mindreverdig

3) nest eldst, mellomst (av tre)

4) ( handel) sekunda, annenklasses, annensorterings-

• the fruit was second quality

frukten var annenklasses

be second nature to somebody ligge noen i blodet

• horseriding is second nature to him

ridning ligger ham i blodet

be second to none kunne måle seg med hvem som helst, ikke stå tilbake for noen

every second annenhver

give something a second look se på noe en gang til

go second eller go second class reise på annen klasse

in the second place for det andre, i tillegg

a second en ny, en annen

• he's a second Hitler

han er en ny Hitler

ennå en, ytterligere en, en til

• you need a second bag

du trenger en veske til

the second den andre i rekken den nest eldste

• he is the second son

den nest viktigste

den siste nevnte (av to)

den mellomste (av tre)

the Second Advent eller the Second Coming ( religion) Jesu gjenkomst

second ballot ( politikk) omvalg

second birth ( overført) gjenfødelse

second class ( universitet) haud

• he got a second class

han fikk haud

the second distance forklaring: området mellom for- og bakgrunn

the second floor ( britisk) tredje etasje (amer.) annen etasje

second in command nestkommanderende

second name (amer.) etternavn

second papers (amer.) endelig søknad om statsborgerskap

second sight klarsyn, synskhet, fremsynthet, clairvoyance

second teeth tenner (i motsetning til melketenner)

second thigh ( anatomi hos hund e.l.) underlår

a second time enda en gang, en gang til

second to somebody underlegen noen, mindre verdt enn noen
VI
adv. \/ˈsek(ə)nd\/

1) nest

2) andre klasse, annenklasses

• I always travel second class

3) som nummer to, på annenplass, i annen rekke

• she came in second

hun kom inn som nummer to

• he came second

han kom på annenplass

English-Norwegian dictionary > second

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